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Published: 01 July 2014

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Seasonal greetings, good tidings I bring, the end is not nigh............ not ever!

Note correction to the third Equation 16/1/14

The state of the universe has bothered me for some time, according to the majority view its full of black holes and every black hole will eventually develop a singularity in its core and these will eventually gobble up everything and either coalesce into one big one or slowly drift apart forever, either way it looks like curtains for all life eventually if singularities form. Anything falling into a singularity gets pulped down to zero size. A nasty end for life the universe and everything.

However conventional theorists seem to have ignored the radius excess which develops inside massive objects. The formula for radius excess comes from Feynman's work on Einstein's General relativity, it appears as the second equation here. It makes things bigger on the inside than on the outside like Dr Who's Tardis. However we only tend to notice the effect for very massive objects.

From this second equation I derive the third, which gives the radius of a hypersphere for any mass. An object meets the hypersphere (3-sphere) condition when the radius excess makes the internal radius swell to one quarter of the external circumference. the formula gives the external radius and it comes out at about one third of the event horizon or Schwarzchild radius, see the first equation.

Now a hypersphere will resist any further implosion under its own gravity as its angular velocity already equals lightspeed according to my neo-Gödelian formula for its vorticitation ('rotation' through its fourth dimension), see the fourth equation.

It doesn't matter too much at first if you fall into a black hole if its a really huge one that doesn't curve spacetime too sharply, the problems start when you begin to fall into a central singularity.

However the third equation shows that black holes will actually contain hyperspheres not singularities, and it doesn't matter if your planet or spaceship falls into one of these so long as its sufficiently huge not to give rise to the sort of spacetime curvature that would shred matter near a singularity or a small black hole.

In fact our universe consists of just such a very huge hypersphere with a correspondingly gentle spacetime curvature that we barely notice on the small scale.

Thus the universe cannot end in singularities (and neither did it begin with one, buts that's another story I've told elsewhere).

So DO NOT PANIC, black holes will form, but without singularities. If life can keep itself out of the way of the smaller ones and wait till a really vast one becomes available to enter then it can survive indefinitely for hyperspheres will eventually merge into ever vaster ones refreshing the universe by becoming the universe.

Well I hope that cheers everyone up this season, my apologies to Penrose and Hawking for destroying the singularity theorem, but they really should have taken Feynman's radius excess into account.

Merry Xmas.

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Published: 01 July 2014

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Published: 01 July 2014

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Happy nine hundred and fiftieth birthday Dr Who. I cannot remember where I was when I heard of the assassination of JFK, but I do remember watching the first episode of Dr Who and the first event now seems so trivial in cultural and historical terms compared to the second.

If birth or accomplishment makes you an Eccentric Upper Middle Class Brit then you have indeed won first prize in the human race; and you become part of civilisation’s vanguard, and its protection.

I was so glad that the series made that perfectly clear to me, it set the course of my life.

The Doctor seemed like the best bits of all our wizards and scientists from Dee and Bacon to Newton, Maxwell, Mathers, and perhaps even a touch of Dirac, all rolled into one.

Armed only with good manners, superior knowledge, and an electronic screwdriver (magic wand?) the good Doctor sees off the Nazi Daleks and all manner of nasty cosmic riff-raff and catastrophe without unseemly violence. He carries nothing as inelegant and American as a gun.

I didn’t really buy into the comic superheroes apart from perhaps Dr Strange - we had a better and more quirky UK version, THE Doctor.

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Published: 01 July 2014

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Halloween, rather like Christmas, seems an essentially modern and rather American innovation. Trick or Treat seems to follow the Sicilian-American business model of extortion with menaces. The Christian church of course had All Hallows Eve, the time in the liturgical year dedicated to remembering the dead, including saints (hallows), martyrs, and all the faithful departed believers. The Christians probably instituted this to replace various Pagan ‘Samhain’ type death festivals in which surplus livestock got slaughtered before winter.

However I grew up in Britain and for me the season seems always associated with ‘Guy Fawkes’ or ‘Bonfire’ or ‘Fireworks’ Night, initially instituted to celebrate the failure of a catholic plot to destroy a protestant parliament with a load of gunpowder barrels on the fifth of November 1605 and retained as a general celebration of British identity as anti-catholic and anti-papist etc, although for reasons of social harmonisation and political correctness this has become somewhat bowdlerised over the centuries into a mere firework festival, except amongst the protestants of Northern Ireland who still take it really seriously.

I spent my mid teens compounding rocket propellants and bangs from weedkiller and recycled fireworks, nobody bothered much about such pyrotechnic enthusiasms in those days. For me like many of my contemporaries it formed the basis of an interest in chemistry. Today one could easily end up interrogated by MI5 for such hobbies.

Despite my distaste for Catholicism, famously described by Richard Dawkins as ‘the world’s second worst religion’, and my enjoyment of fireworks, I’m refraining from incinerating an effigy of the pope on Guy Fawkes Night this year. For the first time in a while we seem to have a pope with some post medieval ideals, unlike the two  mad old fools who preceded him, I feel guardedly optimistic.

Incidentally he used to work as a chemist, as did Margaret Thatcher and Angela Merkel and I.

Funny old business chemistry, it teaches you to think scientifically but unlike biology which has ‘life’ as its field of study and physics which has the entire universe to ponder, chemistry seems a bit bereft of higher philosophical implications, no wonder so many chemists abandon their trade and go on to more interesting activities like politics or esoterics.

I couldn’t help noticing that in upgrading his coat of arms to mark his ascension from cardinal to pope, Francis has replaced a five pointed star with an eight pointed one.

In other news, these mandrakes http://www.specularium.org/index.php?option=com_blog&view=comments&pid=133&Itemid=137 which I had unearthed because they had lost all their leaves, started to sprout again so I replanted them a week or so ago, now they all have a fine crown of new foliage, and will maybe flower in time for xmas.